For example, Rabbi Hayim Palaggi stated: We can rely on the maxim that in ancient times, Sennacherib confused the lineage of many nations. ). [25], In the exegesis of Numbers 24:20 concerning Balaam's utterance: "Amalek was the first one of the nations, but his end afterward will be even his perishing", Richard Watson attempts to associate this passage to the "first one of the nations" that developed post-Flood. 1 Chronicles 4:41-43 (NASB) 41 "These, recorded by name, came in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah, and [a]attacked their tents and the Meunites who were found there, and destroyed them utterly . How old was David when he fought Goliath? These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. In the Book of Exodus, the Amalekites attacked the Children of Israel on their journey to the land of Israel. The LORD God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it. It seems probable that the wanderings of the Amalekites, or of a particular part of them, extended as far as Transjordan in the neighborhood of Moab or Ammon. The Amalekites are one of the peoples dwelling in the southern part of Canaan. How come David fought an Amalekite army that Saul has already eradicated a few years earlier? The name "Amalek" can refer to the nation's founder, a grandson of Esau; his descendants, the Amalekites; or the territories of Amalek, which they inhabited. Also, the text describes "king Agag and his people" as being destroyed. Do not spare them. 25:17). Now if the Hebrew Samarians went to war with Assyria and lost and the New Samarians went to war with Assyria decades later did Assyria fight the same people group? In doing so he created a line of promise and blessing that was intended to encompass all the people in the world. Whereas the Kenites passed into permanent settlement during the First Temple period and were assimilated in Judah (I Chron. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The name Amalek is not mentioned in writings outside the Bible. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Human beings exercise dominion; that is to say, they exercise influence. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Accordingly, the main Amalekite center was on the Sinai Peninsula in the region of "the waters of Meribath-Kadesh," which may have been in the vicinity of Kadesh-Barnea, as the Amalekite attack at Rephidim was also in the same area. Can you still use Commanders Strike if the only attack available to forego is an attack against an ally? The. Source: Did Saul lie to Samuel in 1 Samuel 15:7? The Amalekites are not listed in the table of nations in Genesis 10, as they did not originate until after Esau's time. 15:6). Although the story of David's victory over the Amalekites is intended to add to his glory, it need not be doubted that it reflects an historical truth about David's wars against the desert tribes in his premonarchial period, being distinguished by exact topographical indications, by correct military-legal conduct, and the division of booty among the cities of Judah and of the Negev (30:9, 2131). The Amalekites persisted in their sin . God wont give Israel the land until it is just and appropriate to take it from the Amorites. In the biblical genealogical system, Amalek is the son of Esau's son Eliphaz by Eliphaz's concubine Timna (Gen. 36:12). In Genesis 2:15-17 we are told: The LORD God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it. Ibn-Arabshh purported that Amalek was a descendant of Ham, son of Noah. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Amalekites, JewishEncyclopedia.com - Amalek, Amalekites, Amalekites - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). See 1 Samuel 15:7 where Saul is said to have defeated the Amalekites, from Havilah as far as Shur, which is east of Egypt. This seems to have been the same general area inhabited by the Ishmaelites about whom it is stated: They dwelt from Havilah to Shur, which is opposite Egypt in the direction of Assyria (Gen 25:18). Does a password policy with a restriction of repeated characters increase security? In the wilderness wanderings. 5:23). Maybe the name stuck to the new people group even if they had no direct blood ties to Amalek. 1 Samuel 15 ERV - Saul Destroys the Amalekites - BibleGateway God had a very good reason for wanting Saul to destroy the Amalekites. Do not spare them, but kill both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey. (1 Samuel 15:23 ESV). Concerning further harassment Moses recounts how, in Israels journey from Egypt, Amalek, with no fear of God, attacked their rear guard and cut off those who became physically weak (Deut 25:17, 18). More closely historical than the Pentateuch's accounts of Amalek are the traditions set in the period of the Judges and the monarchy. That is why Gods partial acts of judgment and mitigation in the Old Testament tend to be broad and all-encompassing in their scope. According to the Bible, Amalek was the son of Eliphaz (himself the son of Esau, ancestor of the Edomites) and Eliphaz's concubine Timna. Exodus 17 describes Israels first encounter with the wandering Amalekites at Rephidim, a place between the wilderness of Sin and the wilderness of Sinai (Exod 17:1; 19:2), at which the Israelites camped in their Exodus journey from Egypt. 16 And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, You may surely eat of every tree of the garden, 17 but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die. (Genesis 2:1517 ESV). It is unimaginable that such a juxtaposition would have been possible after the consciousness of the divine war of extermination against Amalek had taken root in Israel. The Amalekites harassed the Hebrews during their Exodus from Egypt and attacked them at Rephidim near Mount Sinai, where they were defeated by Joshua. So this explains why David would still be fighting Amalekites in his time. In Judaism, three of the 613 mitzvot (commandments) involve Amalek: to remember what the Amalekites did to the Israelites, not to forget what the Amalekites did to Israelites, and to destroy the Amalekites utterly. Since they were descendants of Esau, some may well have lived in Edom. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Amalek - Wikipedia This book was written to address and resolve the 600 year disparity between Biblical history and secular ancient history. R. 26:3). The total destruction of the Amalekites was an echo of the flood and the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, as also an anticipation of the final judgment at the end of the age. Parisians maybe? a. Who were the Amalekites? - BibleAsk What does it mean that "the sin of the Amorites has not yet reached its Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library, 1998 - 2023 American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. For Amalekites in the Book of Mormon, see, Commandment to exterminate the Amalekites, Religious and modern scholarly discussion. Thanks for contributing an answer to Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange! 25:19 Wipe out the descendants of Amalek Origen of Alexandria is sometimes cited as having viewed the herem passages allegorically; Hofreiter argues that although Origen viewed a spiritual interpretation as having primary importance to Christians, he did not deny that the herem passages described historical events. Thus, in 1 Samuel 15:3, it was considered necessary to destroy the livestock in order to destroy Amalek. 599 Deut. AMALEK m lk, AMALEKITES m l k ts (, ; Gr , ). 1 Samuel 15 Easy-to-Read Version Saul Destroys the Amalekites 15 One day Samuel said to Saul, "The Lord sent me to anoint you king over his people Israel. But if we remain in our sins, then we will perish in our sins, as Jesus himself said in the Gospel of Luke: No, I tell you; but unless you repent, you will all likewise perish. (Luke 13:3 ESV). Amalek - Encyclopedia of The Bible - Bible Gateway @Bach The problem stands: Samuel told Saul to kill all men, women, children and animals (15:3) and yet it only says that he spared Agag and the animals (15:9) implying that he did kill all men, women and children, This is extremely FASCINATING for many reasons. [56]John Gill also describes the cherem as an example of the law of retaliation being carried out. The Lord rebuked Jonah for being upset about the repentance of Nineveh, which served to forestall their destruction, saying: And should not I pity Nineveh, that great city, in which there are more than 120,000 persons who do not know their right hand from their left, and also much cattle? (Jonah 4:11 ESV). The decisive clash between Israel and Amalek came only with the advent of the monarchy, in the famous Amalekite war of Saul. d. Jethro visits and watches Moses Judge the people and offers Moses advice. [11], According to the Bible, the Amalekites inhabited the Negev. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. The name "Amalek" can refer to the nation's founder, a grandson of Esau; his descendants, the Amalekites; or the territories of Amalek, which they inhabited. You never know. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Thus says the LORD of hosts, I have noted what Amalek did to Israel in opposing them on the way when they came up out of Egypt. Start for FREE. 31:8; Judg. 12. Saul and the Amalekites (1 Samuel 15:1-35) | Bible.org (Genesis 12:17 ESV). The Book of Exodus relates that Joshua fought against Amalek under the inspiration of Moses, who was supported by Aaron and Hur, and that he mowed them down with the sword. Was David responsible for Saul's insane order to slaughter everyone in the city of Nob (1 Sam. --This decree was entrusted to Joshua in the first instance, as the "servant of the Book" ( Exodus 17:14 ); here it is enjoined upon the nation of Israel. The Apostle Paul said: For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord. (Romans 6:23 ESV). There, they might blend in, or even be protected under the terms of Dt. [7] This role appears in several stories: In Genesis 14:7, the "field of the Amalekites" is mentioned, though the person Amalek had not yet been born. The new inhabitants are now referred to as Samarians. 15:8) the Amalekite king (Jos., Ant., 11:209). The Bible is very clear: those who do not turn from their sin will eventually fall under judgment. He is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the . What would make it complete?And they shall come back here in the fourth gene. This seems to many to be at odds with what the Bible says about Gods compassion for human beings and animals elsewhere. Next, the Amalekite who claimed he had finished killing Saul (cf. In the wilderness wanderings. First, God gave the Amalekites 400 years to repent before He judged them of . It is a reminder that those who harass and abuse the people of God invite the curse of God. b.c. 3:1) who is regarded as a descendant of Agag (I Sam. Amalekite | ancient tribe | Britannica The Lord arrests him on the side of the road and says: Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me? (Acts 9:4 ESV). 15:15 ASV). Their first encounter with Israel was when they attacked the rear of Israel but were defeated by Joshua at Rephidim (Ex 17:8-13, Deut 25:17, 18). We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. This principle remains active throughout the entire Old Testament. This implies that Israel is commanded to wage a holy war of extermination against Amalek (Deut. Updates? 2008 The Gale Group. In this particular case, therefore, YHWH, who according to Exodus 17:16 had sworn eternal enmity to Amalek, permitted Amalek to defeat Israel, but, since He had specifically warned Israel against this particular undertaking, there is no real contradiction between Exodus 17:16 and Numbers 14:45. b. Amalekites attack. What we do have is historical documentation that shows that some Amalekites lived well beyond the time of Saul. The word baca means balsam but is also the Hebrew verb for weep. (The balsam tree weeps its resin.) Then the future king, through the help of an abandoned Egyp. For "the enemy comes only on account of sin and transgression" (ibid.). Sauls rebellion against God was so serious that he was rejected by God as king: For rebellion is as the sin of divination, and presumption is as iniquity and idolatry. [12] They appear to have lived a nomadic or seminomadic lifestyle along the fringes of southern Canaan's agricultural zone. God has a settled antagonism against sin. The most immediate answer would seem to be that unlike the people of Ninevah, the Amalekites did not repent, though they were given plenty of time to do so. The Amalekites were a people of the Negev and adjoining desert that were a hereditary enemy of Israel from wilderness times to the early monarchy. [1 Chronicles 4] The mention of Haman the 'Agagite' [Esther 3.1] as the villain in the book of Esther provides further food for thought at a much later period. [14][15] An earlier hypothesis held that the Tel Masos site was an Israelite settlement mentioned in the Bible as Hormah. The flood scrubbed the world clean of our contagion. Were the previous Israelites living in Samaria called Samarians too? (1871). They lived amongst the Kenites, Canaanites, etc and if they lived amongst them there was definitely mixing and thus they was preserved. The place lies in the march of the Israelites from Egypt to Sinai. Similarly, the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah did not just fall upon adult men and women, it fell generally upon the city as a whole men and women, boys and girls, and cattle. The psalm is a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. God saved the Jews in Persia, however, and Haman, his sons, and the rest of Israels enemies were destroyed instead (Esther 9:510). 14:48). The Vulgate also names David as the author. There may have been multiple enclaves of Amalekites scattered throughout the Sinai peninsula. The etymology is uncertain, according to John L. McKenzie (1995), while Cox (1884) suggested "High." Who were the Amalekites? - Bible Portal b. Save 15% on BibleGateway+ with code SPRINGSTUDY15. The biblical account records events as described by Saul, which, given his character, may not have been the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. [24], By the 19th century, there was strong support by Western theologians for the idea that the nation of Amalek could have flourished before the time of Abraham. What the Bible says about Amalekites - Bible Tools It was only the Amalekite army who were destroyed (apart from King Agag). Each rebelled against God and refused to repent out of pride. Surely, there were Amalekites who lived beyond this region. Who were the Amalekites? 1 Samuel 15:3 Now go and attack the Amalekites and devote to An ancient marauding people in the S of Canaan and the Negeb who were fierce enemies of Israel particularly in the earlier part of her history. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Now the Amalekites had raided the Negev and Ziklag. Do not spare them, but kill both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.'" . William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1991. What's the cheapest way to buy out a sibling's share of our parents house if I have no cash and want to pay less than the appraised value? Although Samuel alludes to Amalek's provocation of Israel, "in opposing them on the way, when they came up out of Egypt" (15:2), there is no mention of the battle of Rephidim and of the victorious war of Moses and Joshua. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. 23 And not only the creation, but we ourselves, who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, groan inwardly as we wait eagerly for adoption as sons, the redemption of our bodies. (Romans 8:2223 ESV). 1 Sam. When righteous human beings exercise dominion everything they touch is blessed. Here we have an example of not the extermination of the Northern Ten Tribes but exiling them and replacing them with other people groups. It is a reminder that wickedness is a cancer that must be removed before the renewal and restoration of all things. Rather than there being a contradiction in scripture, the more obvious reason for the conundrum is that although Saul attacked the Amalekite army he did not not complete the task according to Gods instructions. Shepherds used this same methodology to count their flock. He was rebuked by God for not doing just that. Rashi explains the third commandment: From man unto woman, from infant unto suckling, from ox unto sheep, so that the name of Amalek not be mentioned even with reference to an animal by saying "This animal belonged to Amalek". Indefensible? Saul and the Amalekite Genocide These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Did God permit David to marry numerous wives in 2 Samuel 12:8? 23:7 -- "You shall not abhor an Edomite for he is your brother.". In the Book of Exodus, the Amalekites attacked the Children of Israel on their journey to the land of Israel. In Judaism, the Amalekites came to represent the archetypal enemy of the Jews. 13:29; 21:13, 434; Deut 1:44). Amalek is described as the "chief of Amalek" among the "chiefs of the sons of Esau," from which it is assumed that he ruled a clan or territory named after him . (Gen. 25:18). Repent therefore, and turn back, that your sins may be blotted out, that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord (Acts 3:1920 ESV). Moses appointed Joshua to lead the Israelite army not because of his own weakness or advanced years but because he wished "to train Joshua in warfare" (Mekhilta, 179; Ex. Now listen to his message. This principle is transposed by Jesus into a New Covenant key in the parable or metaphor of the sheep and the goats. Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for professors, theologians, and those interested in exegetical analysis of biblical texts. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. 24:18, 20). Observing this connection, there is no need, as some have attempted, to emend the text of Judges 1:16 from the people (Heb. Haman in the Book of Esther was a descendant of the king Agag that Samuel executed (see 4 above). Who were the Amalekites and what do they Represent to us? [podcast] The RSV in Judges 5:14 wrongly changes the words in Amalek to into the valley, although that v. indicates in a footnote that the Heb. Saul was severely rebuked for this incomplete job and his attempt at "spin" by suggesting that all had been eliminated when, clearly, they had not. Can the game be left in an invalid state if all state-based actions are replaced? [13] However, it is possible that some of the fortified settlements in the Negev highlands and even Tel Masos (near Beer-sheba) have Amalek connections. Because you have rejected the word of the Lord, he has also rejected you from being king. (1 Samuel 15:23). This is the sequence taught by Jesus himself: Just as the weeds are gathered and burned with fire, so will it be at the end of the age. [4] Amalek is described as the "chief of Amalek" among the "chiefs of the sons of Esau",[5] from which it is surmised that he ruled a clan or territory named after him. However, in 1 Samuel 15:2 this people were still flourishing. For Sauls failure to fulfill completely the divine command, Samuel announced to the monarch the Lords rejection of him as king (1 Sam 15:10-23). 14:45). Repent therefore, and turn back, that your sins may be blotted out. 6 Where was Moses holding up his arms during the Battle of Refidim? Saul conducted military campaigns against the Amalekites that while under God's instruction did not please God because the annihilation was far from complete and probably only included most of the army. The Amalekites - Jewish Virtual Library There may be geographical significance in the listing of Amalek after Edom in the Song of Balaam (Num. The Defeat of Amalek. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". 4. In the biblical traditions, Israel, after sinning through cowardice and lack of faith as a result of the discouraging report of the spies, turned around and "defiantly marched to the crest of the hill country" (Num. The operative words in that statement are pass through. The valley of weeping is a place through which we pass; it is not where Gods people permanently dwell. Contrary to Gods command, Saul kept alive the Amalekite king and the best of their livestock (vv. Amalekites are presented as descendants of Amalek, a grandson of Esau. The Exodus and Conquest are thus simultaneously works of salvation and judgment. Further, in their song (Judg 5:14) Deborah (who was from Ephraim, 4:5) and Barak speak of how Ephraim had shown strength in rooting out those of the Amalekites who were in its midst (cf. Timna was a Horite and sister of Lotan. Bibliography G. A. Smith, The Historical Geography of the Holy Land (1896), 282; D. Baly, The Geography of the Bible (1957), 159. This is perhaps the most widely ignored command in the Bible. I'd be interested if that Amalekite bloodline still survives aka Hitler etc. and his associate kings subdued among others, all the country of the Amalekites, which reference need not be taken as an anachronism, but is to be understood as possibly a different Amalek, or better, that the term is used to identify the land which later became the home of the Amalekite descendants of Esau. When David came against the army of the Amalekites it may have been composed of warriors from various tribes mercenaries or soldiers of fortune who had joined up with the Amalakites against Israel. Their story is that they, unprovoked, attacked Israel from behind as they had just finished crossing the Red Sea, and Israel went to war with them. This fits with their association with Esau/Edom, who established his lineage there. One of the descendants is the Amorites. King Herod and his family were Idumean [Edomite] converts to Judaism, and Amalekites may have lived there long after the tribe fades from the biblical record. For this sin, God damned the Amalekites, commanding the Jews to wage a holy war to exterminate them. After the victories of Saul and David the Amalekites ceased to be a factor of any influence in the border regions of Judah and the Negev, just as the Midianites had after the war of Gideon. 5:14). Enduring Word Bible Commentary 1 Samuel Chapter 15 2 This is what the Lord Almighty says: 'I will punish the Amalekites for what they did to Israel when they waylaid them as they came up from Egypt. The BIBLE never said every single Amalekite lived in their area of settling. [30][31], According to the Midrash, the Amalekites were sorcerers who could transform themselves to resemble animals, in order to avoid capture. New International Version (NIV). There is an earlier reference to the word Amalek in Genesis 14:7 where Chedorlaomer (c. 1900 b.c.) Matthew George Easton advocated that the Amalekites were not descendants of Amalek by taking a literal approach to Genesis 14:7. Gods command to utterly and entirely destroy the Amalekites in 1 Samuel 15 has been a cause of stumbling for many Bible readers over the years. Suppose something similar occurred here, the Amalekites were completely killed off and some neighbors seeing the Amalekite cities empty sought to take advantage, moves in and became a people. What sin did the Amalekites commit? The Amalekites harassed the Hebrews during their Exodus from Egypt and attacked them at Rephidim near Mount Sinai, where they were defeated by Joshua. If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at privacy@biblegateway.com. Jewish Literacy. The psalm is a hymn psalm, one of the Royal psalms, praising God as the King of His people. The Amalekites and the people of the East joined the Midianite raids on the Israelites in the time of Gideon, and, like true desert tribes, undoubtedly participated in the destruction of the crops, as related in the Book of Judges (6:17). [24][25] It is, however, possible that the name Amalek may have been given to two different nations. It is sad that they did not take advantage of their time of grace. Im not suggesting this is the answer but its worth considering. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Can we reconcile with our eternal sworn enemies? Where did the Israelites go after leaving Rephidim? The Amalekites provide an explanation for the irrational and intense hatred for Jews that echoes through human history. Introduction to positive commandments, Beer Mayim Hayim, letter Alef, Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, "Timna, concubine of Eliphaz: Midrash and Aggadah", "Shabbat Zachor: "Remember what Amalek did to you!" When the Israelites traveled into Canaan, they discovered the Amalekites, who inhabited the northern Sinai Peninsula and the Negev. Exodus 17 describes Israel's first encounter with the wandering Amalekites at Rephidim, a place between the wilderness of Sin and the wilderness of Sinai (Exod 17:1; 19:2), at which the Israelites camped in their Exodus journey from In no case did the Amalekites as a whole suffer decisive defeat at this time and their center in the Negev was not harmed. What was the reason for David to leave no man or women alive? The royal line of the Kings is what led to Haman. First God must prepare a renewed humanity, and only then can there be a restored cosmos. For this sin, God damned the Amalekites, commanding the Jews to wage a holy war to exterminate them. When it says that the iniquity of the Amorites has not reached its fullness, one way of looking at it is that there was still a chance to eliminate the gene pool of the seed of the elohim. Agag - Wikipedia [51], In addition, the Amalekites, as a physical nation, have been extinct since the time of Hezekiah's reign, according to the Hebrew Bible. Amalek (/mlk/;[1] Hebrew: , 'mlq, Arabic: 'Amlq) was a nation described in the Hebrew Bible as a staunch enemy of the Israelites. (1 Samuel 15:23 ESV). Who a person is toward the family of Jesus (defined by Jesus as those gathered around him in faith and fellowship in Mark 3:33-34) is who that person is to Jesus.
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