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A few minutes later we saw a huge pile of (human??) This includes some of the most popular establishments such as Chevron Renaissance, Circle on Cavill, Orchid Residences among others. maintaining dunes with enough vegetation to enhance the buffer against erosion. The city is renowned for its natural environment, with 57 kilometres of coastal strip with pristine beaches and unique hinterland landscapes featuring several national parks. Whilst many destinations nowadays have limits and restrictions on what development can occur and in what style, many do not impose any such rules. Blackgins Leap: A window into Aboriginal-European Relations in the Pioneer Valley, Queensland in the 1860s, Aboriginal History, 14: 61-79. The building of marinas and ports can also contribute to the negative environmental impacts of tourism. Conflict then potentially occurs as a result of the difference in place values between the new and old players/community members. Shibley (2000). Resident Perceptions of Tourist Attractions on the Gold Coast of On the 11 February 2010 the local Federal Member of Parliament send out an email survey asking his constituents if they wanted a cruise ship terminal on the Spit, the Broadwater or neither? This email followed in the footsteps of a previous announcement by the state government, in mid-2008, of their (renewed) intention of developing a cruise ship terminal in the vicinity of the Southport Spit. For seven decades now, local communities have fought to keep The Spit for low rise, low impact, marine based and tourist activities. I will explain each of these negative environmental impacts of tourism below. Dining experiences were also very important to visitors, especially when they occur in the natural environment. Although there is only one marina owned by a yacht club (Southport Yacht Club), there are about twenty other privately owned marinas, slipways and boatyards within the jurisdiction of this unique city, which offers the proximity to two major airports, tourism attractions, theme parks and unique hinterland (Tenefrancia, 2016). Development Versus Coastal Protection: The Gold Coast Case Study City Maintenance calculate there is approximately 400 acres of sand along our coastal strip. This condition has raised concerns and excited resistance around democratic participation in the local politics of place, contestations over ecological space, and decisions about land use (Stratford 2009), concerns that are central to the Southport Spit. The Economic Impacts of Tourism on the Gold Coast . Government regulation is . Yet the Spit is also a well-known and targeted place of conflict with pro- and anti- development stakeholders vying for opposing outcomes for the place, and often running parallel debates to the national agenda. Indirectly, taxpayers (who were also petition signers) changed the course of history, place-making and tourism futures on the Gold Coast. Safety issues relating to the use of seaway. Environmental aspects are little studied, with 1,500 publications in total. I remember reading a while ago (although I cant seem to find where now) that in order to develop the resort of Kotu in The Gambia, a huge section of the coastline was demolished in order to be able to use the sand for building purposes. In December 2020 a new public path was installed, weeds were removed and 1500 native ground layers were planted. Whilst developing the Asian markets adds nice icing to the cake, the Gold Coast as a destination can only thrive if it has appeal to the domestic market. A member of Parliament at the time in support of the governments Spit development proposal argued that The Beattie Government has a duty to provide, amongst other things, economic stability and employment opportunities for the people of this State (Smith, 2006). If we analyze the history of the development of the Spit in relation to the conflicts cycle mentioned in the introduction, it appears that this site remains a major object of desire for any new players on the Gold Coast. 20The SOSAs objections to the state governments development proposal were founded on five key points. Submission to the Parliament House, Committee on Climate Change, Water, Environment and the Arts, URL: . Landscapes: The Social Construction of Nature and the Environment, Rural Sociology, 59(1): 1-24. Native vegetation stabilises coastal dunes. The development of tourism facilities can involve sand mining, beach and sand dune erosion and loss of wildlife habitats. Interestingly, the Gold Coast circumstances also paralleled the emergence of an environmental prerogative in the interpretation and implementation of the Commonwealth Oceans Policy (Vince, 2008). If you really want to help save the environment, the answer is to seek alternative methods of transportation and avoid flying. We have created GIFT Insights blog to share project insights and latest commentary from our members on current tourism industry related news. Did you find this article helpful? The process of constructing place meanings, values and attachments is the result of a multitude of influences and factors (Dovey, 1999; Creswell, 2004; Massey, 1994; Carter, Dyer and Sharma, 2007; Vanclay, Higgins and Blackshaw, 2008). There was little or no planning legislation in place to protect the coastline. By July 2006 (just ten months into the feasibility studies) the SOSA had collected over 20,000 signatures as part of their petition to the state government to stop development on the Spit (SOSA d). Memories and frequency of visits contributed to the high value attributed to these two indicators. Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, first published 1932, Progress Publishers, Moscow. Griffin, G. (2006). A celebration of nature. Ten years of implementing Australias Oceans Policy: From an integrated approach to an environmental policy focus, Maritime Studies, March-April. If you are studying the environmental impacts of tourism or if you are interested in learning more about the environmental impacts of tourism, I have compiled a short reading list for you below. Also, it boasts highly specialise economy that is dominated by the tourism industry. Just take a look at the image below. (2006). Yet, things were about to change. All decisions taken by the Government were to be, and in fact were, based upon the advice of the Board. The current new players on the block are the Citys Mayor, Tom Tate at the local government level with the support of the state government, and the international ASF China Consortium as the dvelopper. The Gold Coast enjoys almost 300 days of sunshine per year that most people, particularly those who are coming from countries with cold winters, really find comfortable. The politics of place: Understanding meaning, common ground, and political difference on the Rocky Mountain Front, Forest Science, 49(6): 855- 866. The 1998 Gold Coast Harbour Study Issues Paper was part of this endeavour to address local issues at the local scale and take into account local place values and interests. Mitchell, C. R. (2011). Where green turns to gold: Strip cultivation and the Gold Coast hinterland, Transformations 2(March): 1-15. Longhurst, R. (1993). (2005). These changes can have vast impacts ranging from changes in temperatures to erosion spots to the wider ecosystem. And dont forget to leave me a comment to say hi too!). Although some attempts to a better coastal policy and management were tried here and there (e.g. No wonder more. The Southport Spit continues to ride a wave of development abuse. (1967). Today, the Gold Coast is one of the most famous tourist cities in Australia and it accommodates more than ten million visitors annually.In the wider Australian context, 85% of the population lives within 50 km of the beach, evidencing popular lifestyle cultural preferences of many Australians. (2008). Wescott, G. (2008). Like all cities in Australia, the City of Gold Coast was developed with the European colonisation of the country and the successive waves of migration. Much of our coastline is highly urbanised. The completion of the Surfers Paradise Sand Backpass Pipeline construction. On the other hand, the new players, the European settlers, saw the region as one of plentiful resources, and good farming potential. The old players in this development conflict include those that value the Spit for its historic/existing/inherent/familiar characteristics and qualities: desirable, usable, accessible, equitable, free, public open space. Clearly, it was also a reaction to the national governments latest recommendations, specifically regarding the Resource Assessment Commission Coastal Zone Inquiry (1993) and the release of Australias Oceans Policy in 1998, which was recognised as a milestone in marine resource management worldwide. (2011) estimated the economic value of Gold Coast beaches associated with tourism as high as $300 million per year. However, historically, the Australian Constitution decreed that the planning and management of crown land was the responsibility of state and territory governments (Wescott, 2008). Australia's Gold Coast: A city producing itself, in Lindner, C. Much of the literature on the history of Aboriginal-European conflict in Australia is written with a Euro-centric perspective (Anderson, 1983; Best, 1994). Mayor Tate, backed by the newly elected Newman Liberal National Party State Government put out a call for expressions of interest to develop a range of tourist infrastructure including a casino, hotels and cruise ship terminal on the Spit (See SOSA, a). The Gold Coast has a major opportunity with the Commonwealth Games. There is, however, no overriding jurisdiction covering planning law enforcement in maritime areas and, this situation has led to many social and environmental conflicts. These notions and outcomes frequently privilege and inscribe new ideas and concepts. Tourists increase spending on the Gold Coast, There is always something to do on the Gold Coast. There are also a number of physical impacts that arise from the development of the tourism industry. The majority of survey respondents were employed (non-professional) Australian males aged between 25-54, which corresponds with the major activities of surfing and diving. And if the Spit is developed will this be just another link in a long chain of development conflict cycles, none ever completely resolved? Coastal management | City of Gold Coast This paper goes some way to address this gap. These restrictions were put in place to ensure the existing character and amenity of the Spit, as a place communities valued, was preserved and maintained. The Gold Coast has been consistently one of the most visited regions in all of Australia. While many other coastal cities relied on port facilities to develop commercial and naval activities, the City of Gold Coast emerged and grew as a tourism destination. Greater extraction and transport of these resources exacerbates the physical impacts associated with their exploitation. Not too long ago the island of Borocay in the Philippines was closed to tourists to allow time for it to recover from the negative environmental impacts that had resulted from large-scale tourism in recent years. minimize the negative impacts of tourism in the host community. Year after year, the, Read More Tourists increase spending on the Gold CoastContinue, Australias holiday capital is gearing up for summer Wow! These were (SOSA, b): The economic benefits to the community, the City and the state were marginal because SOSA research indicated that cruise liner passengers spent more money on board the than they did on shore. Will we, one day, develop place-attachment for a cruise ship terminal or casino on the Spit? Marx, K. (1959). Memories and frequency of visits contributed to the high value attributed to these two indicators. In effect the State Government created its own proponent for the project, a proponent that was also to advise the Government. The Gold Coast: context and value of place, 2. The Economic Impacts of Tourism on the Gold Coast . To ensure our beaches and foreshores retain their sparkle, we invest in a range of cleaning and management services. An analysis of the survey data indicated that 73 percent of the respondents had been visiting the Spit for three or more years, with 28 percent of respondents visiting the Spit for over 16 years. Gold Coast, Burchill Strategic Projects. In many destinations they have organised operations for tasks such as cleaning the beach in order to keep the destination aesthetically pleasant and thus keep the tourists happy. The methodology to monitor changes and to establish biological carrying capacity is still unsophisticated. Addressing the impacts of tourism. Schneekloth, L.H. Mobilities on the Gold Coast, Australia: implications for destination governance and sustainable tourism. The majority of survey respondents were employed (non-professional) Australian males aged between 25-54, which corresponds with the major activities of surfing and diving. Our coast provides significant economic, social and environmental benefits, making coastal management a serious and important issue for us all. Because of its ability to attract thousands of tourists year after year, the Gold Coast has managed to provide jobs to thousands of its residents and it has become a more attractive place to move to. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Gold Coast, Burchill Strategic Projects. Respondents were then asked to rate the overall impact tourism has Nowadays, fortunately, this is less commonly the case, however I am sure that there are still exceptions. This situation also reflected the wider commonwealth disengagement from state planning concerns and the failure of all levels of government to implement policy (Vince, 2008; Wescott, 2002). The Concrete Corridor: Strategizing Impermanence in a Frontier City. Often tourism fails to integrate its structures with the natural features and indigenous architecture of the destination. It was not until the late 1990s when some noticeable changes started to occur. This is evidenced in Machu Pichu as well as other well known destinations and attractions, as I discussed earlier in this post. La ville de Gold Coast concentre malheureusement nombre de ces conflits; le dernier en date concernant le projet de construction dun terminal de bateaux de croisire et/ou dun casino avec quelques tours residentielles sur une langue de terre protge (le Spit).Lobjectif de cet article est de montrer comment lvolution et la rsolution des conflits sur le Spit de Gold Coast, tous lis des projets de dveloppements touristiques, refltent non seulement lvolution de la valeur dun lieu et lapproche nationale du dveloppement du littoral, mais aussi le changement vers une meilleure protection du littoral. and R.G. Dining experiences were also very important to visitors, especially when they occur in the natural environment. PDF Tourism impact on coastal environment - WIT Press We also have complementary plans and strategies to deliver a coordinated approach to coastal management. The cycle can be broken up into five, often difficult to define, phases (see figure 3). These were (SOSA, b): The SOSA mounted their campaign based upon these five factors. Gold Coast's success married to tourism in good times and bad , 2016). London: Verso. Social conflict theories and conflict resolution. Use of this website constitutes acceptance of our Privacy and Disclaimer. Renourishment will increase the resilience of the northern beaches. installing dune fencing and maintaining public access ways, running community dune planting and beach clean activities, using designated beach access ways and keeping off the dune vegetation, disposing of rubbish and green organics in the bins provided, reporting camping and vegetation vandalism as soon as possible. For instance, Dekker. Jenningss last fight to save the Spit was instigated in 1979 when the Queensland National/Liberal State Government, under the Premiership of Sir Jon Bjelke-Petersen (see Wear, 2002; Whitton, 1989), established the Gold Coast Waterways Authority to address tidal inundation and the impacts of storm surges in the Broadwater and the erosion of the Spit. The Gold Coast Book: An Illustrated History, Milton, Jacaranda Press. Gold Coast economy | City of Gold Coast In an effort to save the Spit from major development a second rally took place in November 2012 and studies indicated that the Spit environs have been identified as a key environmental asset worth more than $611 million for the city (Weston 2013). Implacing architecture into the practice of placemaking. The current dune works program systematically controls introduced plants and encourages native coastal species to cover the dunes. As I have articulated throughout this post, there are a range of environmental impacts that result from tourism. Importantly, by declaring the project as a Significant Development the local planning Authority, The Gold Coast City Council, and significantly local communities (old players), were positioned as observers with no authority to input into the project other than decreed and regulated by the State Government (new player). Race Relations in South East Queensland, 1840-1860, B.A. The foot traffic had significantly reduced the vegetation on the dunes, allowing weeds to take hold in some areas. These changes also have more and more influenced tourists by impacting the quality of vacation experiences. One of the major contributing factors in this decision-making process was the lack of national approach (TFG, 2002): the Gold Coast Spit clearly demonstrated the conflict embedded in development in coastal zones and, the local-centered approach without the consideration of any wider context in term of coastal management. Published June 5, 2017. Values of Place: Measuring Attitudes of Community Leaders Toward Scenes from Rural Landscapes. Clearly, it was also a reaction to the national governments latest recommendations, specifically regarding the Resource Assessment Commission Coastal Zone Inquiry (1993) and the release of Australias Oceans Policy in 1998, which was recognised as a milestone in marine resource management worldwide. The SOSAs objections to the state governments development proposal were founded on five key points. Caring for our dunes is a collaborative effort between Council and beach users. As an island-country where 85% of the population lives within 50 km of the coast, , one could easily expect that Australia would be at the forefront of coastal planning, management and protection. Development of marinas and breakwaters can cause changes in currents and coastlines. 5This article shows how the evolution and resolution of development conflicts on the citys protected coastal strip (the Spit) are symptomatic of the evolution of place values and how, this informs a shift towards better coastal protection. Aside from the money spent by tourists on establishments, the city also earns from diverse businesses that are being put up due to healthy Gold Coast tourism. HRSP.com.au has exclusive management access to a limited number of properties at the building. Notwithstanding, the Gold Coast City Councils planning regulations, nor the lengths to which previous National Party Government officials had defended the Spit against development, nor the fact that the Government had specifically set up the Gold Coast Harbours Authority as a local approach to the management of the Broadwater and Spit environs, on 15 September 2005 the Queensland Labor Government announced its intention of developing an international cruise ship terminal and related services on this valued and valuable piece of public open space. This holding pattern is perhaps the new norms. Johannes Bjelke-Petersen: The Lord's Premier, St. Lucia, University of Queensland Press. Feedback | Comprehensive research to asses such proposals would generate the economic models and social impact studies needed to advance such decision making and capitalise positively on the current tourism boom. "The main problem in understanding environmental impacts of tourism is that few scientific tools exist to determine the more subtle changes. 13The first major conflict in the now City of Gold Coast followed the arrival of European settlement in the region leading up to the mid-1820s. Mangun, J.C., A.D. Passion, Power & Prejudice: A Remarkable Untold Account of a Magic City in the Making Gold Coast, Australia. Kijas, J. Because of this, the Gold Coast tourism industry is able to add an average of $1.5 billion in value to the local economy and it has employed about 27,000. The tourism industry also contributes to forms of architectural/visual pollution. The Waterways Authority were frequently involved in controversy over commercial development rights on public land in the city (Condon, 2006). 4.1 Economic impacts Some of the positive economic impacts of tourism are: increasing employment opportunities, generating income, spending more on infrastructure and public It is of interest to note that 50 percent of users surveyed were not aware of the development proposals for the Spit and only 15 percent were or had been involved in community action against the proposed development that threatened the Spit environs. Dedekorkut-Howes, A. and C. Bosman (2015). It can put enormous pressure on an area and lead to impacts such as: soil erosion, increased pollution, discharges into the sea, natural habitat loss, increased pressure on endangered species and heightened vulnerability to forest fires. Landscapes: The Social Construction of Nature and the Environment. Belsky (2003). Vanclay, F., M. Higgins and A. Blackshaw (eds.) The City of Gold Coast is a case in point and no more so than currently (2017) with proposals to build a cruise terminal or/and a casino, and high rise residential towers on its protected coastal strip (the Spit).This paper demonstrates how the evolution and resolution of development conflicts on the Spit (Gold Coast) are symptomatic of the evolution of place values and the national coastal management and how, this informs a shift towards coastal protection. The politics of place: Understanding meaning, common ground, and political difference on the Rocky Mountain Front, Ressources marines et gestion des littoraux, Technologies and Smart Tourist Destinations: between Rhetoric and Experimentation, Anthropologie de lexprience de laccouchement dans le monde, The Caribbean against the Covid-19: A Global Crisis and Local Solutions, The Caribbean faces an Emerging International Order, Biodiversity and Management of Spaces and Natural Ressources, The Caribbean City, the Cities in the Caribbean. The coastline often becomes synonymous with the identity of the city and a key ingredient to its growth and prosperity, yet it is also a highly contentious place where numerous conflicts are rife. Today the city welcomes more than 12 million visitors annually (ABS, 2015). (ed. Urry, J. This lifestyle and identity have been produced from and are synonymous with place features and characteristics of the Spit: undeveloped, natural beachside, free open and accessible public space. The costs identified in 1. are at least partially offset, or perhaps . However, if you want nothing but the best, you should seriously consider apartments at Chevron Renaissance. Jenningss last fight to save the Spit was instigated in 1979 when the Queensland National/Liberal State Government, under the Premiership of Sir Jon Bjelke-Petersen (see Wear, 2002; Whitton, 1989), established the Gold Coast Waterways Authority to address tidal inundation and the impacts of storm surges in the Broadwater and the erosion of the Spit. Coastal Zone Management Handbook, CRC Press: 259. The Issue Paper and public consultation associated with it was essentially about the making of places; viable places that were valued by new and old players alike. Marina Destinations: Innovation & Lifestyle. These old players include local communities and local organisations (SOSA and GECKO). It may also contribute to changes in behaviour. Our dune systems absorb wave energy and act as a soft buffer from further erosion. These are often largescale project works and can involve planting up to 20,000 plants on one site. Local place meanings and values (of old players) are often subjugated and marginalised or erased. (Hons.) Oh, and follow me on social media! For example, one trekking tourist in Nepal can use four to five kilograms of wood a day! This paper goes some way to address this gap. The role of research, including thorough monitoring of visitor trends against sustainable targets, is critical. The casuarina forest. Developing successful products for target segments that are high-yielding, align with the long term plans for the destination and provide a good match with what residents on the Gold Coast want is not a trivial task. Southport Urban Heritage and Character Strategy Review, Gold Coast City.